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Background
The male and female genital systems develop in coordination with the kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. Thus congenital abnormalities affecting the genitals often have abnormalities in the urologic organs as well. Intraoperative pathology consultations usually center around opening a testicle to evaluate the nature of a tumor. Tumors of the penis are rare although condylomas (genital warts) are becoming increasingly common.
- Adenomatoid Tumor
- Penis
- Prostate gland
- Paratesticular Region
- Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome
- Testes and Scrotum
CLINICAL VARIANTS CHARACTERIZATION TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM AND MIXED GONADAL DYSGENESIS
True hermaphroditism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis in young children: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases.Kim KR, Kwon Y, Joung JY, Kim KS, Ayala AG, Ro JY.
Departments of Pathology (K-RK, YK, JYR) and Urology (JYJ, KSK), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Mod Pathol 2002 Oct;15(10):1013-9 Abstract quote True hermaphroditism (TH) refers to individuals who have both unequivocal ovarian tissue and testicular elements regardless of their karyotypes; whereas mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) refers to individuals who usually have a differentiated gonad on one side and a streak gonad or streak testis on the other side. A differential diagnosis between the TH and MGD has important clinical implications for gender assignment and the decision for early gonadectomy; however, variable clinical and histological features frequently lead to the confusion of TH with MGD.
We reviewed the clinicopathological features of TH (n = 4) and MGD (n = 6) in young children to identify which morphological features are important for a differential diagnosis between the two conditions. In both conditions, the testicular compartment was composed of immature seminiferous tubules lined by immature Sertoli cells and primitive germ cells; this finding was not helpful for a differential diagnosis. The ovarian compartment in TH cases showed numerous primordial follicles containing primary oocytes with a few primary or antral follicles; however, ovarian compartments in patients with MGD were characterized by primitive sex-cordlike structures with or without germ cell components within the ovarian-type stroma, mimicking gonadoblastomas in two cases and granulosa cell or Sertoli cell tumors in three cases. Hormonal profiles, cytogenetic results, and an internal duct system were not helpful in a differential diagnosis.
In conclusion, a differential diagnosis between TH and MGD is largely dependent on the histological features of the gonads. Therefore, examination of all resected or biopsied tissue and the application of strict histological criteria are important.
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Rosai J. Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. Eight Edition. Mosby 1996.
Sternberg S. Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Third Edition. Lipincott Williams and Wilkins 1999.
Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. Sixth Edition. WB Saunders 1999.
DeMay RM. The Art and Science of Cytopathology. Volume 1 and 2. ASCP Press. 1996.
Weedon D. Weedon's Skin Pathology Second Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2002
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill. 1999.
Weiss SW and Goldblum JR. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. Fourth Edition. Mosby 2001.
Basic Principles of Disease
Learn the basic disease classifications of cancers, infections, and inflammation
Commonly Used Terms
This is a glossary of terms often found in a pathology report.Diagnostic Process
Learn how a pathologist makes a diagnosis using a microscopeSurgical Pathology Report
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Last Updated 11/3/2003
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